1. Mode Overview

China's 2016 double-season rice planting area was 176 million mu, of which early rice was 84.3 million mu. The two-season rice area grows two seasons of rice a year, and the production season is tight. Problems such as climatic conditions, rice varieties, planting scale and benefits severely restrict the promotion of rice production mechanization and the improvement of the mechanization level throughout the region.

In view of this, through the implementation of this technology, on the basis of rational selection of rice varieties and paddy field cultivation and fertilization, the use of thermal insulation seedling transplanting machines, or the use of machine direct seeding in suitable areas, and deep mechanical fertilization at the same time; implement field mechanical plant protection and Combining aerial plant protection to prevent and control rice diseases, insect pests and weeds; harvest rice with a combine harvester, chopping early rice stalks to evenly spread or bale the field, and then use a dryer to dry the rice, to achieve the whole process of early rice production mechanization.

Promoting the full-process mechanized production model of early rice in the double-season rice area in southern China will not only ease the contradiction between the double-season rice production season and labor, save labor and cost, greatly improve labor productivity, but also reduce the harm of low temperature in early spring and the impact of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Non-point source pollution realizes the sustainable development of early rice production with green quality improvement and cost saving and efficiency increase.

Second, the technical route

Before the early rice planting, use a fertilizer thrower to spread the base fertilizer; hydroponic whole field is used for tillage and field preparation, and the soil is thickened after the flattening; the rice seedlings are planted by the seedling transplanter or direct seeding, and the rice seed treatment is required before the seedling and direct seeding; Mechanical plant protection method; use the combine harvester to work, chopping the early rice straw, evenly throwing or bundling away from the field.

III. Key technical points

(1) Variety selection. According to the local ecological conditions, planting system, planting season, production mode, etc., the suitable growth period, high quality, high yield, stress resistance, good adaptability, suitable germination rate and tillering force that have passed national or local approval and are locally promoted are suitable for mechanization. For the rice varieties to be operated, the rice varieties to ensure safe heading should be selected according to the crop stubble before and after.

(2) Apply base fertilizer. According to the target yield of rice and soil fertility of the paddy field, combined with the requirements of formula fertilization, the amount of fertilizer should be reasonably formulated to cultivate high-yield groups. Promote the addition of organic fertilizers, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The amount of fertilization is determined according to the soil fertility status, target yield and variety type in the area. Generally, organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, which can be applied using mechanical fertilizer spreaders and other fertilizing machines before land preparation, and applied into the soil through tillage (rotation) rake.

(3) Mechanized tillage. The quality requirements of arable land preparation before planting the early rice machine must be "flat, clean, finely crushed, and solid". The depth of tillage is uniform, the field is flat, and the height difference between the surface and the ground is not more than 3cm; the surface of the field is clean and free of debris, weeds, and other debris; There is no mud in the water, it is thick and not compacted, and it is not trapped in the machine or mud when the machine is operating. Due to the tight stubble of the season, the land should be prepared in time after the early rice harvest. You can use the rotary tiller, reverse rotary tiller stubble cultivator, paddle plow, paddy field stubble pulper, paddy field rake, flatland beater, etc. . In hilly and mountainous areas, a tiller can be used to match the operation of a small tractor; in paddy fields with deep mud feet, a crawler tractor supporting a rotary tiller can be used for tillage.

(4) Rice seed treatment. After the seeds are cleaned and demanded, and the seeds are soaked with chemicals, the seeds are germinated and germinated by a seed soaking and germination machine, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted and set. The seeds are chest-broken and white, and the bud length should not exceed 1mm.

(5) Seedling cultivation. According to the local conditions, the standardization of standardized paddy field wet seedling raising or dry land seedling raising is the key, and the emphasis is on cultivating seedlings suitable for transplanting by a rice transplanter and improving the quality of seedlings. Focus on the key links such as the production of seedling beds in seedling fields, the application of strong seedling agents, uniform seeding, temperature and humidity control, and water and fertilizer management at the seedling stage.

1: 80 ~ 100 to prepare sufficient seedbeds for rice fields and fields. 10d ~ 15d before the fall, finely made seedling board, dry tillage and dredging, drying board is solid. Hybrid rice prepares 2.5kg ~ 2.7kg per mu of field and about 4.0kg of conventional rice. Seedlings are raised in batches from 18d to 23d before transplanting. Seeding adopts the seedling raising planting line or rail-type precision seeding mechanical operation, and the corresponding specifications of seedling trays are selected according to the row spacing of the transplanting machine. Do mechanical debugging before sowing to determine the appropriate seed sowing amount, subsoil amount and overburden amount. The thickness of the bottom soil of the seedling tray is generally 2.2cm ~ 2.5cm, and the overburden thickness is 0.3cm ~ 0.6cm. The seeding amount is determined according to the variety type, season and seedling tray specifications. The conventional rice wide row (30cm row spacing) seedling trays generally have a seeding amount of 100 ～ 120g / disk, and the hybrid rice wide row (30cm row spacing) seedling trays have a seeding amount of 70 ～ 100g / disk. 30 trays per mu; narrow row (25cm row spacing) seedling trays should be adjusted according to the area of ​​wide row (30cm row spacing) trays. Seeding requirements are accurate, uniform, and non-heavy.

(6) Seedling management. Do a good job in the management of temperature and humidity, water, fertilizer and medicine at the seedling stage. The seedlings suitable for machine transplanting should have developed root systems, suitable seedling heights, thick stems, green and uniform leaves, and the roots of the seedlings should not be scattered. Before Qi seedlings, keep the relative water content of bed soil between 70% and 80%; after Qi seedlings, remove the cover on the seedling bed and spray once permeable time according to d gas; Qi seedlings are mainly controlled by water and seedlings before transplanting. When nourishment occurs at noon, water needs to be replenished and can be replenished once in the evening. The concentrated plots in the rice field can be used to irrigate the ditch water, and scattered seedlings can be sprinkled with water in the morning and evening. 5d to 6d before transplanting of early rice, control the humidity to make seedlings, promote the seedling packing, increase the pulling force of the seedling blocks, and facilitate the rolling and machine insertion. If it rains during the seedling period, it is necessary to cover the membrane and drain the water in the ditch in time to prevent water from entering the seedling bed.